Durbin and Whitehouse: Why Did Mukasey Give OLC a Peek at the Yoo/Bradbury Results?

Dick Durbin and Sheldon Whitehouse want to know why the Office of Professional Responsibility gave OLC a chance to review their report on John Yoo’s and Steven Bradbury’s torture memos.

Just last week, they got a response from DOJ on the process the OPR review has gone through, revealing that the report already integrated comments from Mukasey and "OLC" (whose acting head was Steven Bradbury), and was giving Bradbury, Yoo, and Jay Bybee an opportunity to comment, as well. It will take "substantial time" before this review process is done, DOJ says.

OPR has completed its investigation of this matter and in late December 2008, provided the draft report to Attorney General Mukasey and invited comment. Attorney General Mukasey shared the report with Deputy Attorney General Filip and OLC. Thereafter, Attorney General Mukasey, Deputy Attorney General Filip and OLC provided comments, and OPR revised the draft report to the extent it deemed appropriate based on those comments.

In addition, during the course of the investigation, counsel for the former Department attorneys asked OPR for an opportunity to review and comment on the report prior to any disclosure of its results to Congress or the public. Attorney General Mukasey and Deputy Attorney General Filip likewise requested that OPR provide the former Department attorneys with such an opportunity. For these reasons, OPR is now in the process of sharing the revised draft report with them. When the review and comment period is concluded, OPR intends to review the comments submitted and make any modifications it deems appropriate to the findings and conclusions. OPR will then provide a final report to the Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General. After any additional review they deem appropriate, the Department will determine what disclosures should be made. Due to the complexity and classification level of the draft report, the review process described above likely will require substantial time and effort.

Which of course raises a whole slew of questions, some of which Durbin and Whitehouse have now posed to DOJ. Such as whether OLC’s review of the document influenced Steven Bradbury’s January 15 OLC memo withdrawing certain earlier opinions. 

Your letter does not indicate whether Steven Bradbury was recused from reviewing and providing comments on the draft report.  Mr. Bradbury, who was then the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General of OLC, is reportedly a subject of the OPR investigation. As such, it would appear to be a conflict of interest for Mr. Bradbury to review and comment on the OPR report.  We note that on January 15, 2009, Mr. Bradbury issued a “Memorandum for the Files” criticizing OLC opinions issued in 2001-2003.  He wrote that the January 15th memorandum and a previous memorandum were not “intended to suggest in any way that the attorneys involved in the preparation of the opinions in question did not satisfy all applicable standards of professional responsibility.”  If Mr. Bradbury did review the OPR report, this could have improperly influenced the opinions he expressed on OLC’s behalf in the January 15th memorandum, particularly his decision to emphasize that the authors of discredited OLC opinions on detainee issues had not necessarily violated their professional responsibilities.

As well as a bunch of questions about whether allowing the subjects of an investigation normally get to comment on the outcome of it. 

  1. Was Steven Bradbury involved in reviewing and commenting on the draft OPR report?   
  2. Is there any precedent for allowing the subject of an OPR investigation to review and provide comments on a draft report on OPR’s findings and conclusions?
  3. Have the former Justice Department attorneys who are the subjects of the investigation been given a deadline for responding?
  4. Will OPR provide Attorney General Holder and Deputy Attorney General Ogden with the draft report that it provided to Attorney General Mukasey so that Attorney General Holder and Deputy Attorney General Ogden will know what revisions have been made to the report?

Somehow, I get the feeling Mukasey tried to stall this out for several months. 

Of course, Durbin and Whitehouse don’t ask the natural follow-up–will Holder let them continue to stall this out?

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33 replies
  1. Peterr says:

    Of course, Durbin and Whitehouse don’t ask the natural follow-up–will Holder let them continue to stall this out?

    The charitable answer is that Durbin and Whitehouse smell obstruction of justice, and that’s what they’re focused on.

    The less-than-charitable answer is . . . depressing.

  2. pajarito says:

    What is the statute of limitations?

    DOJ needs to be renamed, remove “Justice” from title. Suggest other terms?

  3. Mary says:

    I think 4 is a very legitimate and important question and I would think they should demand and get redlines on everything at every stage once the initial draft left OPR. I would also think they would want the OPR investigation to actually include all the info relating to Mukasey’s efforts to keep the OPR investigation on track or derail it, but that may be for another day.

    With respect to 2, though, I wouldn’t be surprised if there is some precedent on that front. An OPR investigation isn’t a criminal investigation and a lot of aspects of ethics and professional responsiblity go to state of mind issues where someone would normally get a chance to have include “their side” especially if the investigators are concluding that a referral to a bar for further action should be made. We’ll see – I’m not sure how OPR works in a gov setting, but I think that it would not be uncommon. Whether that would be handled in an attachment/addition/annex vs actually revising the report, though, would be a world of difference.

    Part of what struck me was that for all these classified torture programs, Mukasey wants OPR to hand out security clearances willy nilly to all the defense counsel for the “former” Dept attorneys (and was Bradbury separately represented since he was not “former” for a part of that and, if not, who at DOJ was representing him and are they now stuck with an ongoing duty to represent him so that we once again have DOJ lining up to defend those practices that they also have a duty to prosecute?)

    Think about how the Gonzales investigation got shut down and what it took for Binyam Mohamed’s lawyers to get access (even after security clearances) to the 42 docs referred to by the UK court [BTW, the real grit in the UK Court’s ruling on the plea deal that they tried to cram through for Mohamed is that the prosecutors were certifying as an absolute to the defense counsel that Mohamed’s claims of torture were laughable and could absolutely be disproven in every respect by the evidence. So the Defense counsel were basically being told by other lawyers (DOJ AND JAG), subject to rules of ethics that there was no evidence of torture and were getting a plea offered that would take 30 years and possibly death off the table — when all the while these 42 docs and likely more that has been destroyed were out there – so it wasn’t just trying to get the deal, it was trying to get the deal based on that kind of misrep to counsel, fwiw]

    In any event, how often has DOJ been directly involved in blocking access by defense counsel and yet, when it is Bybee or Yoo’s defense counsel, oh- well THAT is different.

    Re: the issue of Bradbury and his ability to review that info prior to his Jan 15 “let me clean behind my ears” memo, I’d have to think it did influence the directions he took.

    Here’s one area that makes me believe that. As soon as the memos started coming out, one of the things I have noted is their complete and total lack of what would normally be expected as a “facts” section for basic legal writing purposes. I haven’t seen this issue mentioned much in the general way, but it has struck me from the beginning. No private practice lawyer would give a reliance opinion without that kind of detailed fact review and it is a basic element of legal writing taught in law school and retained even in “real world” practice (which isn’t always the case)

    I’m not saying the memos had redacted facts sections, they just didn’t have real facts sections. At times they tried to have something quasi similar, where they recited some gobbledygoop about how we “found ourselves” at “war with al-Qaeda” etc. but that’s not an operative facts section Nowhere were there discussions of the vetting for picking people up, paying of bounties, types of places they would be taken from, etc. etc. etc. as well as a lack of specifications of persons/treatments in torture analysis.

    That just isn’t how a reliance opinion is written, plain and simple. Because, among other things, it doesn’t give the existing fact pattern operatives any grounds for reliance by omitting their operative facts – but more so because you can’t interpret law in a fact-absent vacuum. The example I have probably abused is to say that if a court rules that, under the facts of someone passing by an obviously burning home they hear a crying baby and they then forcibly break into the home and grab the baby and take it from the burning home – if a court rules under those circumstances that it was justified for someone to break into the home and snatch the baby from it’s bedroom —- that is NOT THE SAME as saying that a court has ruled it is ok to break into houses and take babies. You can’t divorce the holding from the facts.

    SO – why does that make me think Bradbury’s clean up was influenced by the OPR review?

    Bc for the first time someone (Bradbury) addresses this issue, even though he tries to do it in a very sideways manner. In his Jan 15 retractathon, after describing a state of panic and asseting that this was “perhaps” the context of the memos (uh huh) he says:

    …several of the opinions identified below do not address specific and concrete policy proposals, but rather address in general terms the broad contours of legal issues potentially raised in the uncertain aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Thus, several of these opinions represent a departure from this Office’s preferred practice of rendering formal opinions addressed to particular policy proposals and not undertaking a general survey of a broad area of the law or addressing general or amorphous hypothetical scenarios involving difficult questions of law.

    Now, step back away from that a moment to digest what he has really said. All the arguments about there being “good faith reliance” on SPECIFIC authorizations from OLC for the SPECIFIC actions and situations — he’s just admitted the opinions can’t be used for that purpose. Which I think is pretty much obvious from their lack of factual recitations (what you can do vis a vis someone captured on an actual battlefield – burning house – vs someone who is picked up in a foreign country based on their name being the same name as one on a list – – those are very different things). But even so, why would he be pointing that out now even while DOJ and Obama and Bush and Congress are all concerted in their efforts to argue that OUR torturers were GOOD FAITH torturers?

    Same reason I have pointed to for anyone at DOJ to ever even come close to doing the right thing. Personal consequences or liability. If OPR is about to breathe down your neck about issuing advisory opinions for future actions all without any factual review and based on broad assertions not reliant on specific fact patterns — you’re looking at some fairly concrete ethics issues.

    It’s only in the face of that very basic problem that Bradbury finally antes up for what has been obvious from the first any of these memos surfaced – they are gobbledygoop and he admits it bc that is the way you walk away from saying that you authorized criminal acts to be undertaken in reliance on your opinions. fwiw, jmo

    • emptywheel says:

      Great comment, Mary.

      As to the review, here’s what they included in their letter as the reason for thinking this may be unusual.

      According to your letter, Attorney General Mukasey and Deputy Attorney General Filip asked OPR to allow former Justice Department officials who were subjects of the investigation to review and comment on the report prior to any disclosure of its results to Congress or the public. According to media reports, these officials are former Office of Legal Counsel head Jay Bybee and former OLC official John Yoo. According to “OPR Process,” posted at http://www.usdoj.gov/opr/proc-hdl.htm:

      In many cases, OPR notifies the attorney against whom the allegation has been made and requests a written response. OPR may also conduct on-site investigations. Based on the results of the investigation, OPR prepares a report to the component head concerned with a copy to the Office of the Deputy Attorney General setting forth its findings and conclusions, and advises the complainant and the attorney involved of the conclusion reached.

      Accordingly, while OPR often notifies an attorney of the allegations against her and the conclusion of the investigation, and provides the report on its findings and conclusions to the attorney’s component head, it appears that it is a departure from normal OPR practice to provide the report to the attorney.

      As to the facts–are you talking about the specific questions like we believe to be in the third 8/1/02 memo (specifying which techniques are legal) and in the May 2005 Bradbury memo specifying the same?

      Also note, OLC has refused to turn over some of these in the past by saying they weren’t the basis for a particular decision. That’s an argument I want to go back to because I think that undermines their OLC opinion as justification for torture argument. But that logic was used under Bradbury’s direction at OLC.

    • cinnamonape says:

      “Will OPR provide Attorney General Holder and Deputy Attorney General Ogden with the draft report that it provided to Attorney General Mukasey so that Attorney General Holder and Deputy Attorney General Ogden will know what revisions have been made to the report?”

      Precisely? Why would the prior AG and those lower in rank, including those that are under investigation, be able to see a “draft document” that the current sitting Attorney General not be able to examine.

      I’m actually stunned though that subjects of an investigation were given the complete results of the investigation. That essentially provides them with the entirety of evidence, including the names of informants, the specifics of the documents held by the investigative group, and corollary avenues of questions that might be used to impeach them. If there were criminal acts involved this would allow a criminal to see all the evidence in a case built up before trial…in fact, before indictment. It would allow them to communicate with others involved to build up alibis and scapegoats.

      Usually in such cases the comments are allowed to be made in a much more restrictive manner, without laying out all the evidence or revealing the identities of those who may have blown the whistle on their actions.

  4. Mary says:

    4 – I think it was just a phonetics problem. The way everything revolves around protecting DOJ insiders over anything else, no matter how criminal, I think the Department of Just Us is what they have always intended. It’s not their fault someone with starry eyes got it wrong.

  5. pajarito says:

    Just Us Department (JUD)

    …nice ring.

    Department of Just Us (DoJU)…sounds asian.

    Department of Torture Lawyer Protection Department (DoTLPD).

    Department of the American Way?

  6. pajarito says:

    From Scott Horton: Five Steps to Fix the U.S. Department of Justice

    5. Pay special attention to the most badly abused sections: Namely Civil Rights, especially the Voting Rights section, Public Integrity and the Office of Legal Counsel. The morale in these groups is particularly low, but their functions are essential. Each of them needs a special turn-around program that should start with the installation of dynamic, highly qualified leadership that enjoys the respect of the public and is actually committed to performing the essential mission of justice. The team of Dawn Johnsen, David Barron, and Marty Lederman–who are going to OLC–reflect just the right blend of brains and integrity. We need more like them.

    And just why is it taking so long to seat the new appointees?

    • bobschacht says:

      5. Pay special attention to the most badly abused sections: Namely Civil Rights, especially the Voting Rights section, Public Integrity and the Office of Legal Counsel…

      IIRC, CR is Obama-staffed, isn’t it? And we know that Republicans have dug in their heels and are using all possible delay tactics re: OLC. But what about the Public Integrity Section? Has Obama’s nomination been approved yet? Interestingly, the DOJ page for the Public Integrity Section is basically a space holder without any information on current staff, so I’m guessing Obama’s selection is not yet in place. the P.I.Section is “charged with combating political corruption at all levels of government through the prosecution of corrupt federal, state, and local elected and appointed public officials.” However, the Wikipedia mainly reports that the office was mixed up with the prosecution of Sen. Stevens, and rather than announcing new appointments, the Wiki article mainly writes about Bushies who have been removed by court action. The “Discussion” tab for the article is empty.

      Bob in HI

  7. MadDog says:

    And tangentially on topic, where the hell is the Senate vote on Dawn Johnsen to head OLC?

    Does Scott Harper have it right?

    The Woman Who Could Nail Bush

    Forget nanny issues and unpaid taxes. The GOP is threatening an ugly fight over an Obama Justice Department appointee who wants to disclose more Bush-era torture memos…

    …On March 19, the nomination of Indiana University law professor Dawn Johnsen to head the OLC was endorsed by the Judiciary Committee with every Republican voting against her and Sen. Arlen Spector (R-PA) abstaining. The nomination was to have been brought to the Senate floor for a vote on Monday and then again on Wednesday, but it has been held back. Republican leaders, it appears, are playing with the notion of making Johnsen the target of their first filibuster…

    …While the noise surrounding the Johnsen nomination appears on the surface to be about the abortion issue—over which her position at OLC would have very little influence—discussions with Republican stalwarts reveal that their main concerns lie elsewhere.

    The real reason for their vehement opposition is that Johnsen is committed to overturning the Bush administration’s policies on torture and warrantless surveillance, which would clip the wings of the imperial presidency. Even more menacingly (from their perspective), she is committed to shining a light on some of the darkest skeletons of the Bush years…

    …Will the Republicans attempt to filibuster the Johnsen nomination? The threat is sufficiently serious to have provoked the editors of the New York Times to editorialize in support of Johnsen on Thursday. Calling the operation of OLC in the Bush era “lawless,” the editors wrote, “Ms. Johnsen is superbly qualified and has fought for just the sort of change the office needs.”

    Much more in the 3 page article by Scott, so jump over and give it a read.

    • MadDog says:

      And I note this part of the article as well:

      …The trio of appointments Obama announced for the OLC underscores this point. In addition to Johnsen, Obama chose Harvard law professor David Barron and Georgetown law professor Marty Lederman as her two deputies. The three nominees have similar histories. Each served in the OLC in prior administrations before departing for academia. And over the last eight years, each spent a good deal of time and energy studying and criticizing the conduct of the OLC in the Bush years…

      …In the coming two weeks, their push for transparency will result in the publication of more Bush-era OLC memos, including the specific approvals granted for waterboarding, extended isolation, and other torture techniques—memos that the Bush administration has sought to keep secret. Former CIA Director Michael Hayden and Obama adviser John Brennan are said to have “gone to the mat” to keep the opinions secret, but Obama sided with his designated OLC team and upheld the decision to declassify and publish them

      (My Bold)

      The Senate Repugs are taking their obstructionism to new lows, and it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to know why.

      Keeping Repug asses out of jail is always priority number one!

      • MadDog says:

        I’m going to add more comment on this particular subject.

        This is the biggest battle you’ve never heard of!

        The topic of approving Dawn Johnsen’s nomination to head the DOJ’s Office of Legal Counsel gets almost no press.

        And yet, the Repugs are planning to filibuster this particular nominee!

        Think of all the things that the Repugs hate about the Obama Administration and the Democratic majority in Congress (the budget, plans for withdrawal from Iraq, health care, the various bailouts to the auto and financial industries, etc.), and the Repugs are planning to filibuster this!

        What does this say about the state of our governance?

        It says that the Repugs take this particular subject more seriously than anything else!

        And well they should!

        Because the Repugs believe that if Dawn Johnsen is approved to head the OLC, it means that Repugs will go to jail! A lot of Repugs! A whole administration of Repugs!

        The fact that the Repugs take this so seriously should be ringing alarm bells in all our ears!

        We should be taking this seriously too!

        There is a deafening silence in TradMed about this topic, with the whole thing evidently flying below their imaginary radar, and it should be ringing those alarm bells too!

  8. Ishmael says:

    Maybe OPR could explain how every reporter and Republican congressman seems to be familiar with the Youngstown Steel case now that Chairman Obama has “seized” the auto industry, while a tenured professor at Boalt Hall Law School and senior Justice Department lawyer seems to have somehow missed reading it?

  9. Blub says:

    well… whatever happens in the US, at least the Spanish developments suggest that it doesn’t look promising for Gonzo, Yoo & Co. for international travel.

  10. JohnLopresti says:

    About 2-1/2 years ago Bush denied secret clearances to OPR in the wiretap internal investigation, then relented. I wonder how fully OPR is reconstituted now.

  11. Valtin says:

    Bottom line: don’t expect much, or soon, from the OPR report. The timing of these things is everything, as in politics, timing is proverbially everything.

    Key portion of Faith Burton’s letter:

    After any additional review they deem appropriate, the Department will determine what disclosures should be made. Due to the complexity and classification level of the draft report, the review process described above likely will require substantial time and effort….

    Thank you for your continued interest in this matter. We will supplement this response when additional information becomes available.

    In other words, don’t call us, we’ll call you.

    Meanwhile, the torture continues at Bagram and elsewhere. The cover-up continues as well. The Congressional support for prosecutions has evaporated (as was the intent of the Leahy hearing).

    If anyone thought torture would be defeated easily, this is an object lesson in how state power defends the core of its “right” to coercion and violence.

  12. Mary says:

    7 – Department of Just Us (DoJU)…sounds asian.
    Well, given the endorsement of Chinese Water Torture …

  13. Mary says:

    23 – ??? I’m not sure what is directed at me? The quote you have is from item 4 in the Durbin/Whitehouse letter. My take on that item 4 was this:

    I think 4 is a very legitimate and important question and I would think they should demand and get redlines on everything at every stage once the initial draft left OPR. I would also think they would want the OPR investigation to actually include all the info relating to Mukasey’s efforts to keep the OPR investigation on track or derail it, but that may be for another day.

    That they get redlines not just for the draft given to Mukasey, but that they get redlines for any changes after the initial draft left OPR, so if there were some after Bradbury or OLC reviewed as well. Also that OPR should get or Durbin/Whitehouse should, discovery on all info relating to those drafts – the review of them and people’s input – so if there are handwritten notes by Mukasey on a copy that went to someone or there were emails, etc.

    So Im’ not sure what you are addressing to me from that?

    If you instead mean my reference to item 2, that I wouldn’t be surprised if there were precedent for allowing lawyers to look over the evidentiary items offered up after investigation before referral (which is what I take it from this: Usually in such cases the comments are allowed to be made in a much more restrictive manner, without laying out all the evidence or revealing the identities of those who may have blown the whistle on their actions) which “such cases” are you familiar with?

    The few bar disciplinary actions I have been involved with outside of a gov setting (and that is what the OPR investigation involves – it is NOT a criminal investigation, but a prof ethics investigation) were situations where people did get pretty thorough abilities to review investigation results and make their cases – I’m thinking that here the OPR serves a bit in the function of a bar’s disciplinary commitee for the issuance of its finding (although it would have to then actually go on to a disciplinary committee for actual action).

  14. Mary says:

    9 – *g* Yep, as in that.

    12 – I hope that’s the case, but I sense Kabuki. Make it look like it was really hard to get her in, then have nothing happen, either by virtue of Holder not asking for OLC input on prosecution or by virtue of her reluctantly agreeing that no torturers should be pursued bc of the opinions, although bar action for the lawyers should be considered. I hope I’m wrong on all that, but I really do not get a sense that getting her into OLC is going to make any-much difference for what has been, although maybe for what will be.

  15. pajarito says:

    Let me give you an idea of the problem with all federal government agencies and “moles” (now firmly buried like a tick on a hound).

    I (e.g. ethical, law abiding…) was run out of DOI for whistle-blowing. The principal culprits who tried to fire me and fired my wife (a temp. so not protected under civil service rules) are still with DOI. One is now The Bureau Director, another now an Area Office Manager, and another promoted to a regional office from the area office. Each is staunchly in the BushCo anti-government camp. Each was active in illegal/unethical actions as government executives. One is in charge of Bureau operations over the entire West (The Bureau Director), one in 3 states (the regional office) and one in 2 states (the area office).

    Five former staff (Brave souls) at my grade or higher (GS12), in the same discipline, provided affidavits of experience similar to mine in being suppressed, harrassed, and bullied (e.g. forced) into illegal or unethical acts in their official duties.

    How many more cases like mine, of burrowed BushCo Civil Servants destroying/obstructing from within?

    • MadDog says:

      How many more cases like mine, of burrowed BushCo Civil Servants destroying/obstructing from within?

      Thanks for your service, and for bringing this up! I’ve commented about this recently and I’ll repeat some it again.

      It is not just the political appointees changing to burrowed Civil Servants, but the fact that over the course of the 8 years of the Bush/Cheney Administration, the people who got the best performance reviews and promotions were likely the people who drank the most Bush/Cheney Kool-Aid.

      This is likely not only at the DOI (Department of Injustice), but everywhere throughout the Federal government.

      Can we say Repug fifth column? Yes, I thought so!

  16. Loo Hoo. says:

    Thanks, Mary. A great analogy.

    The example I have probably abused is to say that if a court rules that, under the facts of someone passing by an obviously burning home they hear a crying baby and they then forcibly break into the home and grab the baby and take it from the burning home – if a court rules under those circumstances that it was justified for someone to break into the home and snatch the baby from it’s bedroom —- that is NOT THE SAME as saying that a court has ruled it is ok to break into houses and take babies. You can’t divorce the holding from the facts.

  17. rafflaw says:

    We need Harry Reid to go to the mat to force the Republicants to filibuster all night and all day. He has to put this hypocrisy and obstructionism on full display for the American public to see. We need Prof. Johnsen in the OLC post haste. Obama needs to start using his “Bully Pulpit” to put the pressure on the Republicans.

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