Open Thread: End of 2024-2025 Term, The Last Decisions

[NB: check the byline, thanks. /~Rayne]

We are finally at the end of this torturous SCOTUS term with six decisions expected today.

The most important in my opinion is Trump v. CASA, regarding the reach of a lower court order with regard to Trump’s ban on birthright citizenship.

Today’s decisions follow below and will be added to this post as released; any shadow docket decisions released today will follow in an update at the bottom of this post.

~ ~ ~

Trump v. CASA Inc. — Justice Barrett wrote the 6-3 decision, with the court breaking along ideological lines. Justice Sotomayor wrote a dissent for her, Kagan, and Jackson; Jackson also wrote a dissent.
See: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24a884_8n59.pdf

This case centered on district court decisions in Maryland, Massachusetts, and Washington blocking enforcement of Trump’s executive order banning birthright citizenship to persons born in the US depending on the status of their parents’ citizenship. SCOTUS in essence said district courts can only write orders narrowed to the case though birthright citizenship has been recognized since the passage of the Constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment in 1868.

Kennedy v. Braidwood Management — Justice Kavanaugh delivered this 6-3 decision; Thomas wrote the dissent which Alito and Gorsuch joined.
See: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-316_869d.pdf

This case arose from right-wing Christianist attacks on preventative health care under ACA like PrEP intended to prevent HIV infection; they claimed it infringed on their religious rights “by making them complicit in facilitating homosexual behavior, drug use, and sexual activity outside of marriage between one man and one woman.” (Never mind any first responders who might be on PrEP to protect themselves from incidental exposure.) The attack focused on the Appointment Clause attempting to sever the relationship between subordinate officers empaneled by HHS and policy execution; the case has had enormous repercussions affecting other preventative care under ACA.

Federal Communications Commission v. Consumers’ Research — Justice Kagan has the 6-3 decision; Gorsuch filed the dissent which Thomas and Alito joined.
See: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-354_0861.pdf

summary TK

Mahmoud v. Taylor— Justice Alito wrote the 6-3 decision; Thomas wrote a concurring opinion. Justice Sotomayor filed the dissent, joined by Kagan and Jackson.

See: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-297_4f14.pdf

summary TK

Free Speech Coalition Inc. v. Paxton — Justice Thomas has the 6-3 decision; Justice Kagan filed a dissent joined by Sotomayor and Jackson.
See: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/23-1122_3e04.pdf

summary TK – though I must add RTFN:

Held: H. B. 1181 triggers, and survives, review under intermediate scrutiny because it only incidentally burdens the protected speech of
adults. Pp. 5–36.

Fuck any Free Speech rights minors may have, or the school district’s rights to determine PUBLIC SCHOOL curriculum because of right-wing Christianist freaks.

Louisiana v. Callais — This case was rescheduled for re-argument. Justice Thomas disagrees with this rescheduling and issued a dissent documenting his rationale.
See: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-109_l53m.pdf

summary TK

Medina v. Planned Parenthood South Atlantic — This case appears to have been pushed out to next week.

summary TK

I assume we’ll get any shadow docket cases next week as well, but I could be wrong; the last decisions weren’t all released today after all and I thought incorrectly they would be.

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56 replies
  1. earlofhuntingdon says:

    Trump v. Casa, about birthright citizenship. Amy Coney Barrett writes for the radical right majority that universal/nationwide injunctions, “likely exceed the equitable authority that Congress has granted to federal courts.” An odd formulation. Jackson, Kagan and Sotomayor dissent. Jackson also writes a second, separate dissent.

    The case nominally dealt only with nationwide injunctions, not birthright citizenship. But the majority created a chaotic minefield, since cases will have to be decided individually across the country, which assures that it will repeatedly rehear the case.

    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24a884_8n59.pdf
    https://www.rawstory.com/birthright-citizenship-2672446163/

    Reply
    • Thequickbrownfox says:

      The law isn’t what has been taught in law schools for generations. Court orders now only bind individual plaintiffs, so every person must file suit to determine their individual citizenship.

      Throw away your legal tomes, they are obsolete.

      Reply
        • Rayne says:

          Sotomayor begs to differ:

          No right is safe in the new legal regime the Court creates. Today, the threat is to birthright citizenship. Tomorrow, a different administration may try to seize firearms from law-abiding citizens or prevent people of certain faiths from gathering to worship. The majority holds that, absent cumbersome class-action litigation, courts cannot completely enjoin even such plainly unlawful policies unless doing so is necessary to afford the formal parties complete relief. That holding renders constitutional guarantees meaningful in name only for any individuals who are not parties to a lawsuit. Because I will not be complicit in so grave an attack on our system of law, I dissent.

          Emphasis mine.

    • harpie says:

      I’ll just put a link here to my mistakenly placed THREAD re: this decision:

      https://www.emptywheel.net/2025/06/26/open-thread-scotus-decisions-end-of-term-ahead/#comment-1101670

      But, I want to reiterate Mark Joseph Stern’s comment [see link for more]:

      I want to reiterate that countless conservative judges issued universal injunctions against the Biden administration,

      and the Supreme Court never halted the practice.

      Now, barely five months into Trump’s second term, the court puts an end to these injunctions. A brazen double standard.

      Also, as I noticed in the link, I think,
      BARRETT mentions JACKSON 12 times in her majority Opinion.
      Doesn’t seem normal. [?]

      Reply
      • earlofhuntingdon says:

        The decision atomizes the ability to enforce the constitutional order. It does more than limit nationwide injunctions, it requires each aggrieved individual to litigate separately. A massive burden. Congress, of course, could fix this, but only after it fixes itself.

        Reply
    • Rugger_9 says:

      So this should be challenged individually in all 50 states or at least all 12 appellate districts. I have zero doubt that there will be an inconsistent rulings (i.e. between the 9th and the 5th) and that will force SCOTUS to rule for all jurisdictions.

      The silver lining is that this ruling wipes out the Amarillo judge’s abuse of injunctions, abetted by the 5th Circuit. It’s mighty thin, though because there will be real harm to innocents pending piecemeal address of grievances over extended periods of time.

      I also wonder whether SCOTUS understands they’ll need to grant cert for everyone.

      Reply
      • earlofhuntingdon says:

        Except that the grant of cert. is discretionary. The Court only needs to accept the cases it disagrees with, to smack down an ornery lower court or circuit.

        Reply
    • John Porter says:

      Thank you for quoting Jill. She would be so, so saddened by this SCOTUS and what this administration has been doing to the rule of law, it’s citizens, and the role play happening on the world stage.

      Reply
  2. Rayne says:

    This case sickens me, and it’s based in Trump’s denigration of birthright citizenship:

    USAJusticeWatch @[email protected]

    Stateless and Stranded: US Soldier’s Son, Jermaine Thomas Deported to Jamaica. “Born to a #US Army father on an American military base in Germany, Thomas was #deported… to #Jamaica — a place he’s never lived, has no citizenship in, and where he now wanders as a man without a nation.” | Jamaica Live https://www.jamaicalivenews.com/united-states-soldiers-son-jermaine-thomas-deported-to-jamaica/ #stateless

    Jun 27, 2025, 09:33 AM<

    It’s an abuse of this soldier’s son, it’s an abuse of their family, it’s yet another slap in the face to any active duty service person serving abroad who may be expecting a child.

    Pro-life my ass. Pro-defense, my ass.

    Reply
    • Mooserites says:

      So let’s see, first they demonstrate their bigotries, and make a convincing case that women and/or minorities are not wanted in today’s US military. And that will create havoc up and down the ranks and the recruiting.

      Reply
  3. earlofhuntingdon says:

    “US Supreme Court preserves key element of Obamacare preventive care”

    The justices in a 6-3 decision reversed a lower court’s [Fifth Circuit’s] ruling that the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which under the 2010 law formally called the Affordable Care Act has a major role in choosing what services will be covered, is composed of members who were not validly appointed.

    https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/us-supreme-court-expected-rule-obamacare-preventive-care-task-force-2025-06-27/

    Reply
    • Peterr says:

      Gorsuch remembers his family history, with mom atop the EPA. Congress not only delegated to the EPA certain powers, but also required them to be used in certain specific ways with which Momma Gorsuch profoundly disagreed.

      When she failed to do so, by withholding Superfund funds to clean up a site in southern CA in order to affect a political campaign, she was forced to resign.

      Neil has not forgotten.

      Reply
  4. parapello says:

    So a question that I can’t find an answer for and I see conflicting information on: does this mean that a district court’s opinion will affect only the plaintiffs in the lawsuit, or the entire district?

    Let’s say a district rules in favor of birthright citizenship after a lawsuit brought by a certain plaintiff. Does it automatically apply to anybody in the district without requiring a lawsuit by each person?

    Reply
    • Ed Walker says:

      Generally it only applies to the plaintiffs. However, no court will rule differently on similar facts so other people can rely on it in their own cases.

      However, it may be that if other plaintiffs file to protect themselves in the same district they may get a different judge who might rule differently. That should be rare, because the second parties can claim that their case is like the first and the clerk may assign it to the same judge. But it can and occasionally does happen.

      Reply
  5. earlofhuntingdon says:

    Alito writes 6-3 decision in Mahmoud, the Maryland schools case, that allow parents to opt out of school’s LGBTQ+ program. Sotomayor writes dissent, with Kagan and Jackson joining.

    Sotomayor, really angry, says this decision will set back public school education for decades, as she reads her dissent from the bench. The decision would not limit parental opt-outs to LGBTQ+ material.

    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/24-297_4f14.pdf

    Reply
    • earlofhuntingdon says:

      The Guardian’s take on the Mahmoud case.

      The US supreme court has ruled that schools must give children the chance to opt out on faith grounds from listening to storybooks being read out loud that feature gay and transgender characters, in a landmark decision that will be seen as striking a blow for religious rights in education.

      Faith grounds, my ass. This is religious preference that mocks the notion of religiously neutral pubic schools. As commentators are saying, opt-outs would quickly become unmanageable, meaning school boards would simply not teach their students remotely contentious subject matter.

      https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/27/supreme-court-lgbt-book-ban-case-ruling

      Reply
      • P J Evans says:

        It’s a faith that belongs only to conservatives, preaching that differences are Sins and people who are different in any way are Less Than.

        Reply
      • ernesto1581 says:

        “Faith.” Once again taken as a universally agreed-upon standard, comma, “Christian.”
        It is never examined, even at the most rudimentary level beyond plaintiffs’ claim to membership in this or that “Christian” congregation, neither in this court nor any other. There is never any inquiry as to just what “Faith” means/dictates/sanctions to plaintiffs, how plaintiffs have come to an understanding of the meaning/dictates/sanctions which have led to their belief, and how any perceived aspersion or infringement of that belief by others who do not share it — serve to denigrate or de-legitimate plaintiff’s “Faith.”
        Although six Justices consistently rule otherwise, this *cannot* be what Founders meant in the Establishment Clause.

        Reply
        • Peterr says:

          I agree that conservatives often overly universalize “Christian” to be the default agreed-upon religious standard, and that their version of Christian is the only legitimate definition of the term.

          That said, two of plaintiffs in this case are Muslim, two are conservative Roman Catholics, and the last is a group pushing for parents’ rights. The majority opinion did delve into what the faith of the plaintiffs is and how it motivated their requests of the school district and ultimately their decision to take them to court (see opinion pp. 11ff.)

          You can criticize this decision on a lot of grounds, but saying that there was “never any inquiry” as to the plaintiffs’ faith is completely wrong.

        • earlofhuntingdon says:

          The problem I see is that the Court’s majority waived away balancing competing interests and assumed that religious objections took precedence over every other free speech claim and the interests of every public school system in the country.

  6. earlofhuntingdon says:

    Coalition v. Paxton, a “free speech” case, decision written by Thomas. Buckle up. The usual trio dissent.

    Thomas upholds restrictive Texas law that requires websites to verify age when hosting sexually explicit material. Says that only “intermediate scrutiny” applies to this form of free speech, and that Texas’s law passes that test.

    https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/24pdf/23-1122_3e04.pdf

    Reply
    • Thequickbrownfox says:

      These dumb shits don’t understand VPNs and proxies. There’s so many workarounds, and no way to enforce this, and it’s mind boggling how computer illiterate these people are, from start in Texas, to end in SC.

      Reply
  7. Fly by Night says:

    How far back does the birthright ruling reach? My grandfather immigrated through Ellis Island in 1915. He never learned a word of English. I have no idea if he ever got naturalized. If not, does that mean my father was never a citizen? And if my dad was never a citizen, how can I be? Supreme Court rulings can be applied retroactively, but who decides how far back? Who will decide any exceptions? What an f’ing mess.

    Since I’m on a roll, we should also stop calling ourselves the United States of America. Instead, we should be the 50 States of America since your civil rights are now determined by where you live. A court ruling in one state no longer applies to other states. A ruling in Northern California will not apply in Southern California. The states are no longer united. Trump’s autocracy has finally arrived.

    Reply
    • P J Evans says:

      However far back they decide removal of birthright citizenship should apply (and IMO it should never apply), it won’t apply to The Felon Guy and his third wife, because Reasons.

      Reply
      • Troutwaxer says:

        Yes. The Trump Immigrant Crime Family should have their citizenships removed. Germany isn’t sending us their best!

        Reply
      • Memory hole says:

        Correct me if I am wrong, but I don’t think the Extreme Court decided birthright citizenship. More, just that courts can’t issue nationwide injunctions against Trump’s illegal and unconstitutional actions. Or, at least that one.

        I do find it interesting that Trump’s grandfather came to America as a draft dodger and illegal immigrant himself. It runs in the blood, apparently. Gramps went back to Germany, and got kicked out because of his draft dodging. So he and his pregnant wife came back to America, where shortly later, she gave birth to Trump’s father, Fred. I believe Fred got birthright citizenship.

        Reply
    • gmokegmoke says:

      Following Nazi precedent, I would suggest the standard will be that if you have one grandparent who is not a citizen, then you are considered not a citizen as well.

      Reply
      • Peterr says:

        You think Steven Miller et al. wouldn’t go for the very American “one drop” standard, beloved by American racists going back to 1619?

        Reply
      • PeteT0323 says:

        To state the obvious, if you think about it, one has 4 grandparents – two on your maternal side and two on your paternal side.

        Reply
    • Savage Librarian says:

      Hey, Fly by Night, that’s the first thing that came to my mind as well. We should no longer be called the United States of America.

      And now that I’ve given it more thought, if we are no longer United, why do we need a Supreme Court? Seems wasteful to have one now. Let’s DOGE it and just rely on the courts that remain. Seems like that would be the practical and sensible thing to do. /s

      Reply
  8. harpie says:

    Aaron Reichlin-Melnick observes:
    https://bsky.app/profile/reichlinmelnick.bsky.social/post/3lslubm5hws27
    June 27, 2025 at 10:33 AM

    The Supreme Court is about to go on an extended summer vacation, after having blown up the docket of every single lower court judge who has been working like a dog to deal with the firehose of illegal orders coming out of this administration.

    I wonder how “every single lower court judge who has been working like a dog to deal with the firehose of illegal orders coming out of this administration” feels about this.

    I wonder that about all the people involved in the J6 and Stolen Documents case, as well.

    Reply
  9. harpie says:

    https://bsky.app/profile/atrupar.com/post/3lsgvx3fzxy22
    June 25, 2025 at 11:19 AM [VIDEO] [Senator MURRAY at Hearing]

    BONDI: We will follow court orders, Senator, the entire administration will follow court orders. The problem arises in the District Courts. All these District Courts

    [0:47] M: OK, I’m not asking [BOTH are speaking from now on.]

    B: throughout the country are tying our hands. Here’s [gesturing] how we will follow them, when we get to the United States Supreme Court, we’re winning.
    And, so, yes, we’re following the orders of the court.
    [^^^ harpie: I don’t know if BONDI said “court” or “courts” here.]

    M: Let me ask my questions. [1:01]

    Reply
  10. harpie says:

    NEW: Fast reaction to CASA Opinion

    Kathleen Bush-Joseph June 27, 2025 at 11:59 AM
    Wow was that fast–an immigrant advocate group already filed an amended complaint seeking class action relief in its birthright citizenship case in federal court in Maryland [link][screenshot][THREAD]

    https://bsky.app/profile/reichlinmelnick.bsky.social/post/3lslzj74ohk2d
    June 27, 2025 at 12:07 PM [Both comments accessible here]

    Smart move, and not surprising; the litigators surely knew this was an option and had the amended complaint ready to go.

    If the Maryland court certifies this class and grants the relief,
    it would lead to the same impact as a nationwide injunction;
    the birthright citizenship EO would be blocked entirely.

    Reply
    • wa_rickf says:

      ^^^ planning ahead, strategizing outcomes, covering all the bases, is the definition of playing 3D chess. Ya’ gotta be one-up ahead of these Trumpy yahoos.

      Reply
  11. Ed Walker says:

    Barrett seems to think throwing a bunch of 18th C. English common law into her opinion is useful. It just makes her look like what she is, a second-rate academic with no practical experience in life or law practice.

    She seems to think her pedantry about the difference between a Class Action under FRCP Rule 23 and a universal injunction has some practical value. But the lower courts are onto her game. In some of the deportation cases, the courts have begun certifying class actions consisting of, for example, all the caged humans in ICE detention centers in a Texas district.

    This case is not the right vehicle for this issue. In one case, 22 State AGs point out that kids who are US citizens in, say, Illinois, aren’t citizens in any of the 28 non-filing states, and risk deportation if they go to Cape Canaveral on a field trip for space camp. How can they be afforded complete relief absent a universal injunction? I hope they make that precise argument to the lower courts on remand and force the hand of the weaselly Barrett.

    Here is the relevant part of Rule 23:https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_23

    (a) Prerequisites. One or more members of a class may sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf of all members only if:

    (1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable;

    (2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class;

    (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class; and

    (4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.

    Then there are procedural steps and a variety of costs, and a bunch of notice requirements. I think, but don’t know, that there are standard ways to deal with those, so they shouldn’t be prohibitive, just cumbersome. In the Texas case, the District Judge certified the class provisionally so it could rule quickly enough to protect the class members who were being loaded onto buses.

    The problem with this decision is that laid out by Justice Jackson:

    It is important to recognize that the Executive’s bid to vanquish so-called “universal injunctions” is, at bottom, a request for this Court’s permission to engage in unlawful behavior. When the Government says “do not allow the lower courts to enjoin executive action universally as a remedy for unconstitutional conduct,” what it is actually saying is that the Executive wants to continue doing somethingthat a court has determined violates the Constitution— please allow this.

    Here’s Barrett’s response to this:

    We will not dwell on JUSTICE JACKSON’s argument, whichis at odds with more than two centuries’ worth of precedent, not to mention the Constitution itself. We observe only this: JUSTICE JACKSON decries an imperial Executive while embracing an imperial Judiciary.

    This is typical of the Trump Judges: everything is divided into two categories; there are never any intermediate choices.

    Reply
  12. Ed Walker says:

    Rugger9 makes a good point. This is going to put Matthew Kacsmaryk in a pickle. What would the class be for his crazy nationwide injunction against mifepristone? Thomas and Alito caution the lower courts against liberalizing class actions to enable nationwide injunctions. Maybe they’re talking to him?

    Reply
  13. MsJennyMD says:

    SCOTUS gives Trump special dispensation for lawlessness. The decay of people’s rights is despicable. Nauseating.

    Reply
  14. Georgia Virginia says:

    I realize this open thread is for SC decisions, but the DOJ just forced the president of UVa to resign, or risk the university losing millions of dollars in funding. The reason? Supposedly he did not really eliminate all DEI initiatives like he was supposed to, just dropped the name and such. Senators Kane and Warner just put out a statement condemning the “Trump Department of Justice” and calling it a “ridiculous ‘culture wars’ trap.”

    Reply
    • P J Evans says:

      DOJ should know that EOs aren’t laws and don’t legally apply to anyone outside the federal government.
      But they’re The Felon Guy’s attorneys, now, and have to do what he wants at that moment or be fired.

      Reply

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