Government Continues Its Fight for Indefinite Detention

The government appealed its loss in the habeas petition of Mohamedou Ould Salahi Friday.

It’s worth reviewing what this appeal is about. At the District level, Judge James Robertson ruled that while Salahi had clearly been an al Qaeda sympathizer and, before al Qaeda declared war on the US had been a sworn member of al Qaeda, the government had presented no admissible evidence (the most damning evidence submitted was gotten by torturing Salahi) that he was working under the orders of al Qaeda when they detained him in 2001.

His ruling is important–and damaging for the government’s hopes to indefinitely detain those who it can’t charge–for two reasons. First, because he hewed very closely to the terms of the AUMF.

If the government has any authority to detain Salahi without charging him with a crime, its source is the Authorization for Use of Military Force, Pub. L. 107-04, 115 Stat. 224 (2001).

“The President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons.” Authorization for Use of Military Force, Pub. L. 107-04, 115 Stat. 224 (2001).

That purpose, the “prevent [ion of] any future acts of international terrorism,” has the Supreme Court’s seal of approval, see Boumediene, 128 S.Ct. at 2277 (“The law must accord the Executive substantial authority to apprehend and detain those who pose a real danger to our security.”) those who, as the government argued in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 124 S.Ct. 2633, 2639 (2004), were “part of or supporting forces hostile to the United States or coalition partners . . and who engaged in an armed conflict against the United States.” (internal quotations omitted) .

And based on the AUMF’s reference to those who attacked us on 9/11, Robertson ruled that a suspicion that Salahi might one day return to al Qaeda–even if he had not been part of al Qaeda in 2001 when it attacked the US and had not taken up hostilities against the US–was not enough to detain him indefinitely.

The government’s problem is that its proof that Salahi gave material support to terrorists is so attenuated, or so tainted by coercion and mistreatment, or so classified, that it cannot support a successful criminal prosecution. Nevertheless, the government wants to hold Salahi indefinitely, because of its concern that he might renew his oath to al-Qaida and become a terrorist upon his release. That concern may indeed be well-founded. Salahi fought with al-Qaida in Afghanistan (twenty years ago) , associated with at least a half-dozen known al-Qaida members and terrorists, and somehow found and lived among or with al-Qaida cell members in Montreal. But a habeas court may not permit a man to be held indefinitely upon suspicion, or because of the government’s prediction that he may do unlawful acts in the future -any more than a habeas court may rely upon its prediction that a man will not be dangerous in the future and order his release if he was lawfully detained in the first place. The question, upon which the government had the burden of proof, was whether, at the time of his capture, Salahi was a “part of” al-Qaida. On the record before me, I cannot find that he was. [emphasis original]

And of course, given that both sides admit much of the evidence is inadmissible because it was coerced, this raises questions of what happens to those we’re holding because they incriminated themselves under coercion.

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  1. klynn says:

    And of course, given that both sides admit much of the evidence is inadmissible because it was coerced, this raises questions of what happens to those we’re holding because they incriminated themselves under coercion.

    “Indefinite detention” is an oxymoron.

  2. Peterr says:

    But a habeas court may not permit a man to be held indefinitely upon suspicion,

    It’s sad that a court had to point that out to the lawyers from the DOJ. They should have learned that in law school. For that matter, they should have learned it in grade school like I did.

    Or did I just have a really good fourth grade teacher?

  3. bobschacht says:

    And of course, given that both sides admit much of the evidence is inadmissible because it was coerced, this raises questions of what happens to those we’re holding because they incriminated themselves under coercion.

    Why, the answer is perfectly obvious. Of course Obama (or his successor) will continue to hold them anyway. Isn’t that what we’re doing now, regardless of what the court says? Aren’t we continuing to hold persons that the court has ordered released?

    We have become a lawless nation (except for the hoi polloi, of course, who must obey all the laws drawn up by our Government, without exception.)

    Bob in AZ

  4. BayStateLibrul says:

    OT

    Donnie Baseball takes the reins. Ya think the Dodgers ownership

    is in upheaval (Divorce LA style?)?

  5. BoxTurtle says:

    ObamaLP has a last resort: They can simply ignoe the ourt order. The ONLY remedy is to impeach and congress is not going to impeach over the rights of scary brown moslems.

    Boxturtle (They’ll impeach him for being a Kenyan moslem communist)

  6. donbacon says:

    I suspect that anybody who’s spent a few years in a cage at Gitmo, with a little torture thrown in, innocent or not, might not be inclined to forgive & forget but would seriously consider joining some force that offers the opportunity for revenge.

    Which is basically what this GWOT back-and-forth killing has become, revenge. Blowback. Whatever one calls it. And the US started it.

  7. Cujo359 says:

    And of course, given that both sides admit much of the evidence is inadmissible because it was coerced, this raises questions of what happens to those we’re holding because they incriminated themselves under coercion.

    Not only are we disobeying our Constitution by detaining these folks without hope of trial, but the only substantial evidence against many is coerced confessions. If that sentence doesn’t tell you how far we’ve fallen in the last decade, then you really haven’t been paying attention.

    Thanks for keeping after this, EW. I don’t comment here that much because this stuff is just too depressing to read. I still appreciate it, though.

  8. donbacon says:

    And, not to beat a dead horse, but how can Obama issue a paper in May (the National Security Strategy) stipulating constitutional values and then several months later have his minions argue otherwise in court? This goes beyond wrong & illegal policies to intentional deception.

    I hesitate to say it, but we may have to use torture to get at the truth.

  9. Agent420 says:

    On this issue as well as many more, the government is fucking crazy. Life in prison with no chance of even a trial is totally against what this country stands for. I am embarrassed to be an American vet.

  10. Mary says:

    OT – but this is pretty hilarious. AP picks up on how lame the Dems argument is:
    http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100918/ap_on_el_ge/us_desperate_democrats
    You May Hate Us, But GOP Is Worse

    BTW, this rings a deja vu bell. Isn’t this something the Republicans also tried in 2006 but flip flopped? Or am I misremembering? I sure seem to remember a “We haven’t been good, but Dems would be worse” theme but to be honest, the parties AND their themes are starting to blur together for me.

    Anyway, as some of the trolling on threads at fdl seems to support, the Dem strategist lays out the plan of -you have to vote for us bc the other guys are more scarey and you have no other option.

    Democratic House and Senate candidates, he said, should constantly tell voters “there’s only two choices, there’s no other

  11. bluewombat says:

    Is there any specific thing that people who care about torture and indefinite imprisonment can do to help out with this case? Anyone we can call or write letters to, for example? If the answer is to write the DOJ and ask them not to appeal this, does the letter go to Holder?

    • powwow says:

      At this point, asking the Department of Justice not to appeal looks to be a lost cause – the oral argument was heard today, and the case has now been submitted for decision to a D.C. Circuit Appeals Court panel of three: Chief Judge David Sentelle, David Tatel, and the notorious Janice Rogers Brown (her vote to overturn Judge James Robertson’s March decision in favor of Slahi, and thus to further detain Slahi, is a given). My title on a Seminal diary in April about Judge Robertson’s thoughtful, humane decision:“District Judge Robertson’s Slahi Guantanamo habeas ruling exposes the presidential power-aggrandizing agenda behind the Al Bihani habeas decision of D.C. Circuit Judges Brown & Kavanaugh.” [Al Bihani was a D.C. Circuit panel decision in January in the case of another detainee, in which Brown and Kavanaugh claimed the law of war (the Geneva Conventions, etc.) doesn’t constrain a U.S. President’s actions in war. Though not overturned on further appeal, the en banc D.C. Circuit recently did effectively, though informally, ‘disown’ that part of the decision, but Brown and Kavanaugh didn’t – they just reiterated their specious opinions all over again.]

      I thank the AP and The Washington Post for sending reporters to cover today’s oral argument. Some important further detail to augment the AP’s description, in its two recent articles by Nedra Pickler, of what was done to Slahi – a commendable description of the abuse he suffered, especially compared to the Post article’s undetailed line or two – is provided by Andy Worthington:

      After [Slahi] was seized, he was transferred by the US to Jordan — one of at least 15 prisoners rendered to Jordan by the CIA between 2001 and 2004 — where he was held for eight months, and where, he said, what happened to him was “beyond description” and he was tortured “maybe twice a week, a couple times, sometimes more.” He was then transferred to the US prison at Bagram in Afghanistan for two weeks, and arrived in Guantánamo on August 4, 2002.

      […]

      This [Guanatanamo] program, which was implemented in May 2003, and augmented with further “enhanced interrogation techniques” authorized by defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld, culminated, in August 2003, in an incident when Slahi was taken out on a boat, wearing isolation goggles, while agents whispered, within earshot, that he was “about to be executed and made to disappear.” As Der Spiegel explained in an article in 2008, “He was so terrified that he urinated in his pants.”

      After this, as Slahi himself described it (in a letter to his lawyers dated November 9, 2006), “I yes-sed every accusation my interrogators made. I even wrote the infamous confession about me was planning to hit the CN Tower in Toronto based on SSG [redacted] advise. I just wanted to get the monkeys off my back.”

      However, his treatment was so severe that, in May 2004, Lt. Col. Stuart Couch of the Marine Corps, who had been assigned his case as a prosecutor the year before, resigned rather than pursuing the case. In a meeting with the chief prosecutor, Army Col. Bob Swann, Lt. Col. Couch “told Col. Swann that in addition to legal reasons, he was ‘morally opposed’ to the interrogation techniques ‘and for that reason alone refused to participate in [the Slahi] prosecution in any manner.’”

      But back to your question, bluewombat – publicity is what gets the attention of the powerful, who are otherwise sheltered from most accountability by D.C.’s corrupt culture. So if you want to write a letter, I’d suggest writing it to the newspapers. Perhaps you’d have a prayer of getting into the Washington Post (whose editors violently disagree with your/our point of view, we know), if you approvingly mention today’s coverage.

      Don’t plead, though – condemn. And not just the DOJ, but the D.C. Circuit appellate court – whose members, after all the abuse detainees like Slahi have been through, still have the unmitigated gall to toy with their fate, in leisurely fashion, as though time is on Slahi’s side:

      On Friday, the appeals judges suggested that other court decisions since April required them to consider al-Qaeda membership and compliance with its “command structure” in a broader, “functional, not formalistic” sense than when Robertson ruled.

      “Wouldn’t it make sense” to return Slahi’s case, asked Judge David Tatel, “so we have as consistent decision-making as possible?”

      Slahi’s lawyer, Theresa M. Duncan, acknowledged it might. But after the hearing Duncan said that the government is trying to justify the indefinite detention of her client by relying on “statements made under the coercive influence of some of the worst torture we know about at Guantanamo.”

      More than eight years after her client was detained and five years since he sued for his release, Duncan told the judges she hoped the court’s move Friday would not require “starting from scratch,” since Robertson has since retired.

      – By Spencer S. Hsu
      Washington Post Staff Writer
      Friday, September 17, 2010; 8:48 PM

      Or, as Nedra Pickler put it:

      Still, Tatel suggested that it might be appropriate to send Salahi’s case back to the lower court considering subsequent decisions in other Guantanamo Bay cases that have set new legal standards since Robertson ruled in March. Robertson has since retired so that would mean reassigning the case to a new judge.

      The D.C. Circuit’s own mishmash of (unjust and politicized) panel decisions, which, in practice, have been reversing (so far without inteference from the Supreme Court) the habeas remedy that the Supreme Court’s 2008 Boumediene decision gave these prisoners, aren’t neatly aligned enough to suit Judge Tatel’s taste – so Slahi, the human being, not the name on a case, should pay the price in more years of waiting out appeals by his pro bono lawyers(s), while locked up in Guantanamo Bay. [Just imagine what Tatel or his colleagues will be saying two-three years hence, when Slahi’s appeal finally comes around again – and yet more “inconsistent” panel decisions have intervened in the months between the next district court decision and when the appellate court decides to get around to hearing the case the second time…] That Tatel and the others can so cold-bloodedly and casually pass that buck, ignoring the human conseqences involved and the opportunity and responsibility to render speedy justice on these long-delayed habeas petitions, speaks volumes about their character.

      Appellate judges don’t get mentioned much by citizens in connection with coddling torturers, in the pages of the nation’s newspapers. It might just do them good.

      • bluewombat says:

        OK, done.

        If you’re going to call Janice Rogers Brown out as being notorious, you might as well apply the label to Jesse Helms henchman and Kenneth Starr enabler David Sentelle, though.

        Can I send you a copy of my letter by e-mail? Am disinclined to post it as WaPo says letters must be exclusive to them, and don’t want to give them the excuse of it having been posted here to say that it’s no longer exclusive to them (although, as you correctly point out, the odds of it being published are long).

        • bmaz says:

          Say what you will about Sentelle, and he has earned it likely; but he is still head and shoulders above Janice Rogers Brown. Seriously.

        • bmaz says:

          She really is. We knew her out here as a batshit crazy member of the California Supreme Court long before Bush appointed her to the DC Circuit. She is a avid Federalist Society member, believes in the Lochner theory heavily, and is a Ayn Randinan extremist. She literally makes Sentelle look like Steve Breyer.

        • powwow says:

          Good for you, bluewombat. Thanks for making that effort, for all our sakes. [No need to send me a copy, or to post it – it’ll be all the more interesting and impressive to read later if it does make it into print.] And now that it’s written, if you do strike out at the Washington Post, you can always forward it to USAToday, the New York Times, or some other media outlet that the D.C. types aren’t likely to miss. It’ll remain timely, probably, because it’s likely to be months now before the panel decision in this case is issued – even if they do decide just to pass the buck back down to the district court for some sort of rehearing on the merits.

          [My pleasure, skdadl, and thanks, Jeff.]

        • bluewombat says:

          Thank you muchly, powwow. Might I invite you and anyone else left reading this thread to do likewise? The more, the merrier…

          (Just in case you want to, here’s the relevant information:

          E-MAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]

          ARTICLE TITLE AND DATE (which need to be cited): “U.S. Appeals Court: How Do You Quit Al-Qaeda?,” September 17

          REPORTER’S NAME (not necessary to cite, but helps to show you’re on top of things): Spencer S. Hsu

          WaPo LETTERS TO THE EDITOR RULES OF THE ROAD (from automatic response e-mail I received from them):

          1. Letters should be fewer than 200 words and exclusive to The
          Washington Post.

          2. The letter may not have been submitted to or published by any other
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          be withdrawn from consideration.

          3. The letter must include the writer’s full name, home address, e-mail
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          letters will not be considered, nor does The Post permit the use of
          pseudonyms.

          4. Letters must disclose the writer’s involvement, affiliations or
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          5. All letters are subject to abridgment.

          6. Do not send attachments; they will not be read.

          7. We prefer letters that cite an article or item that has appeared in
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          8. To make your e-mailed letter as easy for us to read as possible, do
          not send any graphics or digital letterhead, put the text of your letter in
          the body of the e-mail, and remember to cite the article or item you are
          writing about in the body or subject line.)

          OK, that’s the scoop. Thanks for suggesting I write to the WaPo; it felt good to do something.

      • Jeff Kaye says:

        Excellent post, EW, and excellent comment, powwow.

        Not much to add, except to endorse the idea of exposure. Not that the degraded individuals that constitute a section of the D.C. Circuit will feel much thereby, but they may be susceptible to the opinions of colleagues, family and friends, who might not feel so comfortable themselves associating with monsters.

  12. bluewombat says:

    powwow, thank you very much. Might I invite you and anyone else left reading this thread to do likewise? The more, the merrier…

    Just in case you want to, here’s the relevant information: E-MAIL ADDRESS: [email protected]

    ARTICLE TITLE AND DATE (which need to be cited): “U.S. Appeals Court: How Do You Quit Al-Qaeda?,” September 17

    REPORTER’S NAME (not necessary to cite, but helps to show you’re on top of things): Spencer S. Hsu

    WaPo LETTERS TO THE EDITOR RULES OF THE ROAD (from automatic response e-mail I received from them):

    1. Letters should be fewer than 200 words and exclusive to The Washington Post.

    2. The letter may not have been submitted to or published by any other media or Internet outlet. This includes comments or feedback posted to Web sites. If you have posted similar comments to a Web site, your letter will be withdrawn from consideration.

    3. The letter must include the writer’s full name, home address, e-mail address, and home, business and cellular telephone numbers. Anonymous letters will not be considered, nor does The Post permit the use of pseudonyms.

    4. Letters must disclose the writer’s involvement, affiliations or relationship with the subject matter of the letter.

    5. All letters are subject to abridgment.

    6. Do not send attachments; they will not be read.

    7. We prefer letters that cite an article or item that has appeared in the print edition of The Post within the past three weeks; we do not publish letters that respond to Web site-only articles or items.

    8. To make your e-mailed letter as easy for us to read as possible, do not send any graphics or digital letterhead, put the text of your letter in the body of the e-mail, and remember to cite the article or item you are writing about in the body or subject line.)

    OK, that’s the scoop. Thanks for suggesting I write to the WaPo; it felt good to do something

  13. bluewombat says:

    Ack, I put up post #30 because I lost all the line spacing in post #29 when I tried to edit it. I was then told that it was too late for me to edit/delete #29. Might it be time to invest in some new software?

    • powwow says:

      “Quaint” how, despite all those niceties that the Post demands of its letter writers, it neglects to include the determinative nicety that one’s views ought to be hostile to the foundational principles of Constitutional self-government, as its owners’ and operators’ are (First Amendment powers aside), in order to pass the Editorial Page censors and reach the reading public… Well, someone there will doubtless be required to read your letter, at any rate, even if it goes no further. Thanks for spelling out all the details for the rest of us to see and utilize as we’re able, on this and future occasions.

      As for the editing software aggravation: Appearances are deceiving. In fact, although it looks like all your paragraph breaks have vanished, post-edit (because they have, in the version you see), they’ve actually only vanished on the screen you see before refreshing the page. Everyone else sees your properly-edited comment, paragraph breaks included, as soon as you save it.