Who Was Actually Doing “FBI’s” Aerial Surveillance of Black Lives Matter in Baltimore?
![FBI's Critical Incident Response Group does surveillance but do not appear in unredacted parts of the documents.](https://www.emptywheel.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Screen-Shot-2015-10-30-at-2.03.14-PM-300x172.png)
BPD said they would call in FBI’s Critical Incident Response Group, which does aerial surveillance, but CIRG does not appear in unredacted parts of the documents.
The ACLU just released a series of documents about the FBI’s aerial surveillance of Black Lives Matter protests after Baltimore cops killed Freddie Gray. As they note, the documents show two different parts of FBI, the Washington Field Office and Special Flight Operations Unit, conducting electronic surveillance of protestors, using night vision and other technology. At least two of the flights were claimed to be “consensual,” which ACLU’s Nate Wessler thinks might just reflect public monitoring. Both of those consensual flights appear to have been “collected from” a third party.
Because I’m interested in what happened to one set of video cards, I’m going to do a timeline based on the flight logs and the evidence log.
The timeline shows several things:
FBI did surveillance before Baltimore asked for it
The FBI conducted at least 5 surveillance flights, including several by the Washington Field Office, before a May 1 memo reflecting Baltimore Police Department (BPD) requesting help, prospectively, from Washington Field Office, though a BPD passenger had been on two Special Flights Operations Unit (SFOU) flights before then.
Of signifiant note, the memo said it would ask for help from FBI’s Critical Incident Response Group.
The potential for large scale violence and riots throughout the week presents a significant challenge for the Baltimore Police Department for airborne surveillance and observation. Baltimore will request the assistance of CIRG and WFO in the matter of airborne surveillance to assist the Baltimore Police Department.
CIRG is an elite group within FBI, and includes a Surveillance and Aviation Section, which would (presumably) have far more sophisticated aerial surveillance technology than your typical field office. Correction: It is that, but SAS also manages FBI’s airplanes generally.
CIRG’s Surveillance and Aviation Section (SAS) provides modern jets and other aircraft that respond to crisis situations domestically and around the world. SAS can deploy aviation assets worldwide, including assignments in combat theaters.
CIRG does not appear, unredacted, in any of the flight or evidence logs turned over to ACLU, but if they were involved with this surveillance it might explain some of the other odd details in these documents. As noted below, there are some other interesting redactions that might indicate CIRG involvement.
One more detail about the memo. It used looting to justify the request for help. But it also invoked online discussions among people alleged to be sovereign citizens. So they used a number of different claimed threats to justify the request for help.
FBI changed its case number after conducting the first flights
In many cases, the flight logs show changes made in the notes associated with each flight; in such cases, the log will show both the old set of notes and the new one. For the SFOU flights logged before that memo showing BPD asking for FBI help, someone updated the flight logs with the case number that FBI has left unredacted for this release (the original case number is redacted) after that memo got written. For example, this shows SFOU updating the log from their 4/30 flight on 5/2, replacing a redacted case number with case number “343A-BA-6337966” which is the case file that all these documents are associated with.
This means SFOU originally conducted the earlier flights under a different FBI case number. This could either be another specific case, or a general number they use for standing investigations, as the FBI does both.
The Washington Field Office flights didn’t get logged until after that memo got written (they appear to all have been logged in one sitting on 5/4), so they always used the same case number.
You have to wonder how often the FBI delays doing flight logs until they have a case number to do the flight under–that likely violates protocols tying surveillance to a specific investigation.
ACLU didn’t get the flight logs for at least one flight
ACLU received flight logs for flights occurring between 4/29 and 5/3. But this document shows a flight occurring (or at least starting) on 4/28.
This might just reflect an overnight flight the night of 4/28-29 (most of these flights occurred at night), except that there are two other evidence log files for flights on 4/29 that would correlate with the two flight logs from that date. I think it’s possible this is a BPD or a different federal agency’s flight — either Secret Service or Homeland Security, which the memo says BPD was working with — though the evidence appears to have come through FBI.
One flight reflects an FBI passenger
There are, in general, one flight a day for the days logged from each part of FBI, the SFOU and WF. The exception is 4/30, when what appears to be the Baltimore office flew an FBI passenger (whose identity was redacted under a 7E, law enforcement technique, FOIA exemption). Curiously, this flight wasn’t logged until well after the actual flight, on 5/21. Note, since this is a Baltimore flight, it’s unlikely it’s someone flying in from DC to see events.
Two consensual flights appear to have come from a third party
As ACLU itself noted, some (two) of these evidence logs claim the surveillance was consensual. The two have something else in common. The entry for “collected from” (which elsewhere has unredacted descriptions where it is used, often “Aerial Surveillance Washington” or “…Baltimore”) is redacted, but it clearly shows the file is collected from a third party via an interim one.
This would seem to suggest the entity that did the surveillance is being hidden. Note, it is being hidden with a 7E law enforcement technique.
Much of this evidence didn’t get logged until a delayed evidence turnover
As I said, the reason I decided to map out this timeline is because there was a delay in some of the SD cards arriving, presumably in Baltimore, to be logged. Even the description, written on 6/1, offered to justify the delay raises questions.
The purpose of this communication is to explain the late submission of Bureau aircraft[redacted] video to the Baltimore ELSUR unit. For background, Washington Field Office (WFO) and Special Flight Operations provided airborne support for the Baltimore Division during the week of April 27, 2015. Missions were flown from April 29 through May 2. The [redacted] SD cards were shipped to the Baltimore Division via FEDEX and arrived on May 5. The FEDEX package arrived at [redacted] approximately May 8. Due to operational missions on May 9 and May 10, the [redacted] SD cards were submitted to the ELSUR unit on May 11.
For example, where were the cards that they needed to be FedExed to (presumably) Baltimore, given that WFO was supposed to be involved in this? Why is FBI redacting the receiving office? Did these SD cards need to be reviewed for sources and methods? And what explains the uncertainty — we’re talking chain of evidence, after all — about when precisely they were received?
As the timeline notes, 4 of the evidence disks were not logged until after this justification got written. This includes the 3 instances where the file was collected via a third party, as well as a Washington Surveillance video attributed to 5/2 but actually taken on 5/1. Two of these are the “consensual” videos.
4/28: Aerial surveillance Serial 4 collected, collected from Washington, WF holding, logged 5/5
4/29: Aerial surveillance Serial 5 collected, collected from “Aerial Surveillance Video, Baltimore,” logged 5/6
4/29: Aerial surveillance Serial 9 collected, collected from indicates third party, holding office Baltimore, logged 6/2
4/29: 2.6 hour night SFOU flight with 3 crew members, 1 BPD passenger, originally logged at 7:52PM on 4/30, then updated with new case number on 5/2 at 2:01AM, Risk = 0
4/29: 4.5 hour WF flight (1.5 of which were at night), 2 crew members, no passengers, originally logged at 5/4 at 2:28 PM, then updated with virtually same information (without decimals) 5/4 at 2:35PM, Risk = 18
4/30: 4.9 hour SFOU night flight with 3 crew members, 1 BPD passenger, first logged at 4/30 at 7:46 PM, then updated with new case number at 5/02 at 2:02 AM, Risk = 0
4/30: Aerial surveillance Serial 2 collected, “collected from” redacted name [a category not always used elsewhere], Washington holding, logged 5/4
4/30: 3.4 hour WF night flight with 2 crew members, first logged at 5/4 at 1:38PM, then updated with virtually same information (without decimals) 5/4 at 1:38 PM, Risk = 20
4/30: 2 hour Baltimore night flight with 1 crew member, 1 FBI passenger (hidden, in part, for b7E), first logged 5/21 at 3:23PM, Risk = 18
5/1: Aerial surveillance Serial 11 collected (surveillance start 4/30, but end 5/1), collected from redacted but via third party, Baltimore holding, logged 6/2, surveillance listed as consensual
5/1: Memo, titled to include 4/27 date but reflecting events back to 4/25, stating, “Baltimore will request the assistance of CIRG and WFO in the matter of airborne surveillance to assist the Baltimore Police Department.”
5/1: 1.4 hour SFOU night flight, with 3 crew members, 1 BPD passenger, first logged 5/1 at 1:15 AM, updated without decimals 5/1 at 1:32 AM, then updated with new case number at 5/2 at 2:02 AM Risk =0
5/2: Aerial surveillance Serial 10 collected (though surveillance start and end listed as 5/1), collected from redacted, but via third party, Baltimore holding, logged 6/2, surveillance described as consensual
5/1: 5 hour WF flight (spanning night and day), with 2 crew members, first logged 5/4 at 1:58 PM then updated without decimals 5/4 at 2:00 PM Risk = 24
5/1: Aerial surveillance Serial 3 collected, collected from WF, holding Washington, logged 5/4
5/2: 3.9 hour SFOU night flight, with 3 crew members, 1 BPD passenger, first logged 5/2 at 2:03AM then updated 5/2 at , 2:04AM and 2:05AM, adding decimals, possibly changed flight ID? without Risk = 0
5/2: 4.3 hour WF flight — including training — spanning night and day, first logged 5/4 at 2:08 PM then logged 5/4 at 2:09 PM Risk = 20
5/2: Aerial surveillance Serial 8 collected, collected from Aerial Surveillance, Washington, logged 6/1
5/3: 4.2 hour SFOU flight, with 3 crew members, 1 BPD passenger, first logged 5/4 2:44 PM, then 2:45PM, then updated 5/4 4:42PM, Risk = 0
5/3: Aerial surveillance Serial 6 collected, no details on receipt from (but Baltimore, not WF, is holding office), logged 5/12
5/4: Serials 2, 3 logged
5/4?: SD cards shipped, unknown date
5/5: Serial 4 logged
5/5: SD cards shipped by FedEx arrive in Baltimore
5/6: Serial 5 logged
5/8, approximate: SD cards arrive at [location redacted]
5/9, 5/10: Operational missions disrupt logging
5/12: Serial 6 logged
6/1: Explanation for late turnover of one video, claiming missions were flown from 4/29 to 5/2
6/1: Serial 8 logged
6/2: Serial 9, 10, 11 logged
Why would an SD card need to be FedExed to Baltimore? Is it some special kind that isn’t generally available? Does it include special software?
this is more of the wages of the unnecessary and illegal iraq war applied to domestic policing.
just like the massive nsa collection of domestic communications from communications cables.
just like the “fire control” (why not the more accurate “fire surveillance”) ballon that went down thursday.
just like the domestic policing spying bill, cisa, authorized by the senate and promoted by its select committee ion intelligence.
war technology gone wild.
just how many surveillance ballons and drones are operating, or available to operate on short notice, are there in the u.s. these days?
http://m.phys.org/news/2012-08-surveillance-balloons-mexico-border.html
bringin’ it home:
http://m.motherjones.com/politics/2013/02/US-canada-border-constitution-free-zone
http://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/surveillance-drones-along-u-s-canadian-border-not-helping-security-says-audit
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/01/us-border-patrol-increase_n_1467196.html
https://www.eff.org/issues/surveillance-drones
and you thought growin’ a little plot of pot deep in the forrest had been hard work.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/05/forest-service-drones_n_4377977.html
how will these machines and their forest service keepers be put to use with marijuana legalization?
http://apnews.myway.com/article/20150602/us–fbi_surveillance_flights-e2320f0d2a.html
“A Justice Department memo last month also expressly barred its component law enforcement agencies from using unmanned drones “solely for the purpose of monitoring activities protected by the First Amendment” and said they are to be used only in connection with authorized investigations and activities. A department spokeswoman said the policy applied only to unmanned aircraft systems rather than piloted airplanes.”
http://bigstory.ap.org/urn:publicid:ap.org:4b3f220e33b64123a3909c60845da045
“Law enforcement officials said Justice Department lawyers approved the decision to create fictitious companies and that the Federal Aviation Administration was aware of the practice. The FBI has been doing this since at least the late 1980s, according to a 1990 report by the then-General Accounting Office.”
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2090186-fbi-surveillance-plane-documents.html
http://bigstory.ap.org/article/1240a8a42edf4a86aff72a0246525a95/fbi-surveillance-flights-book-rarely-track-phones
“In a 2009 budget document, the FBI said it had 115 planes in its fleet.”
“The AP investigation identified more than 100 flights in 11 states over a 30-day period this spring. The planes since June 1 have flown more than two-dozen times over at least seven states, including parts of Texas, Georgia and the Pacific Northwest.”
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/fbi-using-small-air-force-track-suspects/
Not directly related, but an impressive collection of high tech toys:
http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2012targets/TKostelnik.pdf
Given the geography in MD that the government considers sensitive (Camp David, Ft. Dietrick, NSA HQ, Bethesda, Chevy Chase, Annapolis, airports, highways, rail and transmission lines to and from Phila, NYC, Boston, Pitts, Cleveland, DTW, Chicago), I should think that NSA satellites continually and closely monitor the entire state. Presumably the NSA has relevant information.
Washington Post story from May 5, 2015:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/surveillance-planes-spotted-in-the-sky-for-days-after-west-baltimore-rioting/2015/05/05/c57c53b6-f352-11e4-84a6-6d7c67c50db0_story.html
Ars Technica from October 30, 2015:
http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/10/fbi-planes-gathered-days-of-video-electronic-surveillance-over-baltimore/
Links from above story:
https://www.aclu.org/blog/free-future/fbi-documents-reveal-new-information-baltimore-surveillance-flights
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-8508.ZO.html
Hard to believe that Nino sided with the civil liberties folks, but that’s his name on the opinion.
No, it is not that hard at all if you really know Scalia. There are certain areas in criminal law where he can be pretty good. Kyllo was one of those areas, as are Confrontation Clause issues.
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By the way, we have a link function. It would be helpful if you would explain the relevance of links in text and then use the link function.
what in the world is a link function?
i have made hundreds of citations here and never heard of it.
if you mean those little bolded or colored words that take the place of a real cite, they hide information and slow down perusing.
personally i appreciated omphaloscepsis’ cites and had no trouble apprehending their connection to ew’s column.
since we’re suddenly talking technical, bmaz, where the hell is the edit function so many commenters here have pleaded for?
is it impossible to invoke?
did the honchos here decide not to invoke it?
an explaination for why no edit function – and why no explanation why not – would be appreciated.
The honchos here, who are … me, have not spent the thousands of dollars to upgrade a site that is offered for free.
I would like to do it in the near future, but paying my bills is a bit of a priority.
i’m late to the party but in your timeline you assign ‘risk’ values to some of the entries. what do you mean by that?
They’re just one of the categories on the flight logs. I noted it 1) because it made it easier to track the two sets of flights, but also to capture which flights FBI itself found more interesting.
Hmmm… Well that just makes me wonder what category of ‘risk’ is being graded by the fibbers, certainly not physical risk, maybe legal or political or operational security? Questions, questions.